Is there a feature where after opening the Edit Product screen, the names of attributes are filled based on the primary category, and users only need to fill in the values. Is it possible to implement something like that?

[broadleaf-moderator]

The closest feature we have to what you are looking for Out of Box is to define a Product Business Type (labelled as Product Type in the admin). Using a Product Type you can add Fields to the metadata forms that will store their values in the Product attributes map but will look like first class fields with a label. This uses Metadata Augmentations under the hood to augment the management forms for Products that use that Product Type.

You can check out this blog for an overview of the feature: Product Business Type Blog

Here are the domain docs: Product Business Type Domain